19 September 2020

Espionage and Rosh Hashanah 5781

 Given on the occasion of Rosh Hashanah

Sydney Australia

19 September 2020

 

Good yontif to each of you. They say that our actions on the High Holidays determine what will be decreed for the upcoming year. So, whatever you guys did last year, please don’t do it again! Seriously, it’s been a very tough year for us, and for the planet. Here we had bushfires that lasted longer than ever before destroying hundreds of thousands of hectares of property, millions of animals, uprooting so many from their places then floods followed almost before we had settled into the year 2020, and nothing we’ve ever seen managed to get our attention like COVID-19. We still aren’t out of danger, although COVID fatigue is upon most of us, and we see the consequences of Karens and others who disregard public safety for their own personal rights and freedoms. Friends, we are not out of the woods on this by a long shot. We long for a vaccine, and there are good reports about such possibilities just now, but we shall see.

I’m intrigued by the possibility of a vaccine. Can you imagine working in one of those laboratories that is close to the discovery? Huge pressure to perform. The danger of not recording certain data, the peer review would be intense.

Last week I thought of a biblical story with some serious peer review, and reports that demonstrated discrepancies in the data, and how to understand the data… and maybe that story has something to say to us in 5781 and beyond.

I think one of the grabbers of such stories is the espionage and intrigue. The reason we love mysteries and whodunits is the guesswork, the unpacking of clues and the finding of the resolution of a television show before the next commercial or by the end of the book.  

Espionage and real spy adventures are not easy missions, after all. In the Bible when the Jewish people are wandering in the wilderness, after about 2 years since we departed Egypt, Moses sends out 12 men to get some data about what’s ahead. They leave Kadesh-Barnea and check out what we today call Israel. Then it was a confederation of nomads and other peoples, made up of seven nations and called Canaan. The spies have to lie. They trick people into winning their trust, then they use that trust to gain advantage for their side. We value spies who work for us and cast aspersions on those others who invade our sacred space. So, spying in and of itself is not held in high honor, unless the spies are on our team.

I remember in school on the gridiron field, leaning into the opposing team’s huddle to hear the play being called by the quarterback, so we could implement the appropriate defense? Eavesdropping on your parents could give you great power in future blackmailing purposes or what we title in Canberra as ‘negotiating.’  Do you remember the story of the child who is asked by his parents to say the prayer at the dinner party? The boy is a bit uncomfortable with public prayer, but his parents insist. The child says, “I don’t know how to pray.” And the parents tell him to pray like you have heard us praying. So, the boy begins, “Oh, Lord, I don’t know why you had to send the Rosenblum’s to our house for dinner tonight.”

But eavesdropping, espionage and spying are central in this story, aren’t they? Let me rehearse the story a bit. It’s another page-turner as Moses sends out spies to check out the Promised Land, to find out if it is all the stories have made it out to be. Abraham and the boys some hundreds of years ago made out like it was a great place to live; many are buried there. Then a few years ago God told Moses about the place, and he has never seen it, but this ‘land of milk and honey’ thing seemed a bit strange. Moses is well familiar with this area. He’s been a shepherd on the backside of the wilderness for 4 decades. How different could this ‘other land’ really be?

But maybe I’m making this biblical story too Hollywood, too DaVinci. The spies in this story didn’t go to deceive the Hittites or the Canaanites, but rather to investigate the scene. They went to scout out the land and to conduct research. They were to find out how many people there were and if the people were weak or strong. The assessment of the towns was about defenses and the soil of the fields. No need to conduct espionage with the James Bond flavor, rather an edaphic research project along with laboratory fruits brought back in Petri dishes. How civil, and how mundane.

So off they went. Moses sent a leader from each of the 12 tribes including Joshua, the future leader of the Jewish people, and after 6 weeks of scouting, this dozen returned with one large cluster of grapes so big that it had to be carried on a large pole on the shoulders of two able-bodied men. And they brought other fruits too.

That was the laboratory evidence, but they also brought their defense of the evidence to an almost parliamentarian hearing convened just to hear what awaited the Jewish people now after two years out of Egypt. 

And what did the spies report to the Jewish people? They told of fruitfulness and plenty, and that it was a good place to take, but 10 of the spies also reported that giants were in the land, that there was no way we were going to conquer their cities with their high towers, and that our children would become a prey to the enemies. And what was the response of the Jewish people to the report of the spies? 100% agreement. They bought the report, they grumbled against Moses who had schlepped them out of their comfortable homes as slaves in Egypt to wander in the wilderness. The people wanted to go back. And God wasn’t happy. Why? Because the people did not believe in what he had told them.

Moses interceded; he prayed along with Aaron his brother for the Jewish people. The people however wanted nothing to do with this caretaking; they wanted to return to Egypt. God told them that the entire populace of the Jews over 20 years old was going to die in the wilderness. Two exceptions, Joshua and Caleb, no young men in their own right, would survive and get to enter the Promised Land. Even the 10 spies, who formed the majority report, went to their deaths in the wilderness. And that’s how the story ends.

Much of what we read in Bible is pretty positive. Let me list some: we are loved, we are chosen as Jewish people, we get to move into the land of promises, we win in the battle of Jericho, Esther wins the beauty pageant, the Jews of Shushan survive, and David gets chosen over all the others to be king. Usually positive information. So much positive information I wonder how the anti-Semites who abound in the world and who detract from the truth of the Scriptures can read from this book along with us. Ah, but then there are portions like this one today. 

God gave the Jewish people a chance, in fact, 12 chances to hear and believe the word previously spoken in Exodus and Leviticus. Each of the spies is the chance. Each spy had an equal opportunity to share the truth of God’s word and His ability to triumph over adversity and every human situation to accomplish His word. (Ex 3.8, 3.17, 13.5, 33.3, Lev 20.24) The word had been spoken 5 times, “I will bring you into… (or go up to) a land flowing with milk and honey.”

The word was clear and now we had a chance to believe, to keep our focus on God and his word and his purposes. What we chose, however, was less. We chose the words of 10 men, the Mixed-up Minyan, if you will. They saw things clearly. They saw giant gentiles; they saw themselves as grasshoppers. They saw huge grape clusters. They saw both opportunity and they saw themselves outnumbered. Which would they believe? Which would they live in?

   Dear friends on this Rosh Hashanah, you have God’s promises of His love and His assurance of pardon for all your sins. You have the guarantee of forgiveness because of what Yeshua did for you 2,000 years ago. All the while you have many situations ahead of you which could bury you in fear or apprehension, knock you out of the forward look and get you worried, broken, downcast, or lazy. So many young people are frozen from moving forward because of fear of making the wrong choices. Giants of corporations and their own apparent insignificance stymie others. Risk requires jumping sometimes and trusting the One who knows all things.

So, what will you hear and what will you see? And people in this congregation, what will you hear and see in your life beyond today? Will you take risks? Will you go for all you can no matter what others say? Will you follow God with all your heart no matter the opposition?

I grew up an Orthodox Jew in Kansas City, and used to sing Eretz zavat chalav ud’vash in rousing chorus with the many in my youth group. And if you had asked me then who I thought Jesus was, I would have laughed out loud, …what does Jesus have to do with us? I’m Jewish!

Little did I know that Jesus was actually our messiah and savior. That was for later discovery. And little did I know that some like Caleb and Joshua went and spied out the land, and yes, there were giants of antagonism and war. Yes, there were walled cities of hostility to our message, and yet, there were also fruit. I believe, if I can be allegorical for a moment, and only for a moment, that we have a choice to listen to the 10, the Majority Report, or to the Two, the Joshua and Caleb’s of faith who tell us to go forward and take the land. They tell us to live for God. They tell us that no matter the opposition, we can live abundant lives in the midst of troubles. 

Yes, there are giants who oppose us. Yes, there are defenses to our message, and some simply will not listen, will they? But we can go in. We can believe the minority report and we can succeed. 

God insists that (14.21) all the earth will be filled with his glory as the waters cover the sea. How awesome is that! We can have confidence, not in what we see, that is, the minimal effect of God and his word on the planet, the dangers of hurricanes and bush fires still abounding in the USA, and COVID’s 30 million sufferers since February, but on what we will see in the end of days in the age to come. And that’s our hope. A true biblical person is one who sees with eyes of faith and hope.

In a surprise label, God called the Jewish people “this evil congregation” (14.35) If it weren’t God saying it, we might think this was an anti-Semitic comment. Evil congregation? What made those Jews ‘evil’—was it just because they listened to advise by some Jewish leaders? Actually, God clarifies this throughout the Bible. And his answer would be, ‘yes.’ Good is faith and evil is unbelief. Faith is the evidence of things hoped for and the assurance of things unseen. Faith is what made Abraham our father righteous before the Almighty.  Faith is taking God at his word, no matter what others say. No matter what you see in your espionage, no matter how many folks tell you Jesus is not the messiah, no matter how many folks tell you cannot be Jewish and believe in Jesus, no matter what the world tells you about what really matters in life: money, fame, power, accomplishments, human glory… no matter what they say. What really matters is what God says, and your believing him. 

Listen, there are bad reports (14.36) and good reports. Choose to listen to what God says and you will find success, not only here in Sydney, but wherever the Lord should call you. Follow him and you will flow with milk and honey. You will give pleasure to others. You will have an abundance to share with others. 

And that will make God happy, today and throughout your days. 

L’shana tovah tikatevu v’saychatemu, um’tooka. Have a blessed 5781. Amen!

18 September 2020

Lesson Eight: A new and better covenant (Hebrews 8)

 “Listen up: this is better” -- A study on the Bible book of Hebrews

A 13-week series given in 2020

By Bob Mendelsohn

Jews for Jesus, Sydney

Given 18 September 2020

bob@jewsforjesus.org.au

To watch this 'live',  click on this link: https://youtu.be/o4mrYajIu8U 

 

Lesson Eight: A new and better covenant

Shalom to each of you here on the Zoom call and those who will watch this class lecture on YouTube later. I hope you will feel welcome and when this section ends in about 20 minutes, that you will be a participant in the rest of the questions and discussion time. This letter to messianic Jews was written before the destruction of the Temple in AD 70.  Today we study chapter 8, and if you haven’t yet read it, please, those of you on YouTube, pause the playback, read the chapter, and then press play again to re-join us. Thanks.

Welcome back.

Today we will look at another controversial issue in the messianic world, especially today among many Jewish believers about the role of the Mosaic covenant. Surprisingly a large number of Gentile believers are keen to practice what they call “Judaism” or “Messianic Judaism” so we will discuss this both in the lecture part of the class today and certainly in the discussion section when this concludes. I’m also guessing that next week’s D-Groups will unpack this even moreso. If you aren’t already a member of one of our Discipleship Groups, you are seriously missing out, and I urge you to join one sooner rather than later.

Tonight begins Rosh Hashanah, the first day of the 7th month of the Jewish and biblical calendar.  Most of you would know this day also as the Jewish New Year, and therefore you want to understand the differences. The Jewish Civil Year begins tonight, which is the anniversary of the Creation of the World 5,781 years ago. The religious year begins in March/ April with Nisan (Exodus 12.1-2).

Now that we have that calendar conundrum out of the way, let’s dig into this old vs new argument by the author in Hebrews 8. The author quotes two Older Testament citations to build the case that our Great High Priest, Yeshua, is the mediator of a better covenant. In fact the word ‘mediator’ is always associated with the new covenant (8:6; 9:15; 12:24; cf 7:22).   

Let’s unpack this chapter and see the argumentation to prove that the covenant we embrace is altogether better.

1.  The priest himself is better

The author continues to pound this message which has been unveiled since the mention of Aaron. Yeshua is from the order of Melchizedek, and he’s the Great High Priest. He sympathizes with us, he lives to intercede for us, and we can go to him for grace to help in time of need. Here, we read he has taken his seat (.1), is a minister in the Sanctuary (Temple) and in the tabernacle that is true (heaven).

Let’s take those one by one. 

a.   Taking his seat

Priests don’t sit in either the Temple or previously in the Tabernacle. Not until they were done, but they were never done since the system required them to come back to work the next day. When we read that Yeshua’s priesthood is perpetual, it’s about the result of his sacrifice, not the activity of ongoing sacrifice. We’ll see that point in the weeks to come more and more.

 

Taking his seat means his work is complete. When Yeshua said, “it is finished” from the cross, he’s saying the offering is satisfactory. As we enter tonight into the 10 holiest days in the calendar, and many Jewish people around the world will wonder if their prayers and offering will be acceptable, a heavenly ‘nod’ would be most welcome. By offering Yeshua a chair, the Father says ‘yes’ to him. 

 

2.  The place is better (.2-7)

a.   He is a minister in the Sanctuary 

This would have immediately made the reader to think of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem and that our Great High Priest would be working there on his roster rotation with his own family designation. But that’s not what the author is intending. Link this Sanctuary (hagios) with the next phrase (The true Tabernacle) and you have it. The High Priest of our confession has ascended into the heavenlies and his priesthood has not only allowed him to be seated here (as if any of the priests did that) but to be enthroned in heaven. Remember the quote from Psalm 110, “Sit here at my right hand, until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.” (110.1)

This also hearkens the reader to Daniel 7, the great vision of the prophet

“I kept looking until thrones were set up, and the Ancient of Days took His seat; His vesture was like white snow and the hair of His head like pure wool. His throne was ablaze with flames… 

I kept looking in the night visions, and behold, with the clouds of heaven One like a Son of Man was coming, and He came up to the Ancient of Days and was presented before Him. And to Him was given dominion, glory and a kingdom, that all the peoples, nations and men of every language might serve Him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion which will not pass away: and His kingdom is one which will not be destroyed. (7.9, 13-14)

 

This prophecy of the Son of Man approaching the Father is wondrously fulfilled in Yeshua, the better priest in the better place.

The first quote we read today is from Exodus 25. There we see a hint of something other than the Tabernacle.

b.  The pattern was the Tabernacle (Ex. 25.40) It’s a copy of something in heaven (.2-5)

Moses was instructed on Sinai with detailed instructions for the tent and he hired Bezalel and Oholiab to complete the construction. They did just that. Perfectly. But the author here introduced a term which many in modern days love to use and it’s the term ‘type’ or ‘shadow.’ It’s similar to our word ‘metaphor’ or even better to say ‘stencil’ or ‘template.’ The word in verse 5 for ‘pattern’ is the Greek word ‘tupos’ which transliterates to ‘type.’ 

Not only was heaven better for the Great High priest, Yeshua, it’s our final destination and thus it’s better for us. 

3.  The covenant is better (.8-.13)

a.   Without fault!

                                                      i.     Based on God’s design

Back in Exodus God showed Moses directly what his plan and purpose was for the Tabernacle. We will look at it in more detail next week as chapter 9 and a bit of 10 requires its layout to be in our minds. Of note here is that God’s design is flawless, but the author clearly shows that there was a flaw, and it’s the Jewish people and our execution of his covenant.

                                                    ii.     Not based on human whim or failure (.7-8)

 

What makes the first covenant a failure was the people who signed up for the completion and satisfaction of the stipulations. We are sinful and fail again and again. No amount of self-will or self-assurance would get us and our covenant keeping across the line. 

Verse 9, we fail. We did not continue in it. 

 

b.  Promises

I don’t know about you, but my wife and I are watching the US election enterprises with great enthusiasm. In 46 days, votes will be fully cast and dozens of governor, senator and house races will be ending, finally, and the presidential election will conclude as well. Over these next seven weeks more promises will be made and commitments assured.  And those promises are as believable to be fulfilled as Jack and the Beanstalk, Lucy not pulling the football away from Charlie Brown, or a 15% gain in your superannuation next year. 

(for more on promises at all: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/contemporary-psychoanalysis-in-action/201406/why-we-cant-keep-our-promises )

But in our chapter here we read of better promises from heaven. They were made to Jeremiah the prophet. (Born 650 BCE) He recorded them in our 2nd quote today, chapter 31, beginning in verse 31. 

1.  God’s performance, not ours: The agent of the promise (.7-9)

2.  The change will work: The scene of the promise (.10) [our heart]

3.  The forgiveness of our sins: Not a covering (.11-12) [Yom Kippur AND BEYOND!]

4.  The extent of God’s blessings: Jerusalem and beyond (.13)

 

 

Verse 13: “He has made the first obsolete. But whatever is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to disappear.” What is this ‘whatever’ referencing? I believe it’s the Holy Temple. And as such, all the regulations and institutions of that come into view. But this is not related to all things Jewish. Not at all, let me explain. 

Obsolescence and growing old… those are not words you want to hear on Erev Rosh Hashanah. I ask you to buckle your seatbelt as I show you how this can be taken wrongly. Let me quote my friend Alex Jacob in his book “The Case for Enlargement Theology” (page 36) as he cites the horrible conclusions some in the historic church made by reading or shall we say mis-reading Hebrews 8.13. These are all rulings from the medieval period of church governments.

“Firstly, Christians may not enter a synagogue. Secondly, Christians may not eat Passover with Jews. Thirdly, Jews may not appear in public during the celebrations of Holy Week. Fourthly, no member of the clergy who is free to marry must ever marry a Jew. Fifthly, any Jew, prior to being baptized, must denounce the whole of his or her Jewish identity and heritage by making the following statement:

I renounce all customs, rites, legalisms, unleavened breads and sacrifices of lambs of the Hebrews, and all other feasts of the Hebrews, sacrifices, prayers, aspersions, purifications, sanctifications and fasts, and new moons, and Sabbaths, and superstitions and hymns and chants and observances and synagogues and the food and drink of the Hebrews. In one word, I renounce absolutely everything Jewish, every law, rite and custom, and above all, I renounce Antichrist, whom all the Jews await in the figure and form of Christ, and I join myself to the true Christ and God.”

How’d you like that? Taking a volatile anti-Jewish view about the Old Covenant is not even close to the author’s intent. The highlight of this portion of Bible is to glorify Yeshua, not to denigrate the words of the Lord to the Jewish people and any customs we hold. Sure, by comparison, the glory of Messiah is awesome and fulfilling, but there is no need to dismiss or deride the car that got us to the station.

Lane: “The argument that by designating the covenant “new” God declared the covenant concluded at Sinai to be unserviceable and outmoded (πεπαλαίωκεν, “obsolete, antiquated”) carries the corollary that God himself has cancelled its validity. He intends to make no further use of the old covenant and the forms through which it operated to achieve his redemptive purpose for his people (cf de Vuyst, “Oud en nieuw Verbond,” 254–55; Seesemann, TDNT 5:720). Consequently, the old arrangement is on the point of disappearing. The principle that a new act of God makes the old obsolete (cf 7:11–12) reflects an eschatological outlook that perceives the Mosaic and Levitical institutions as fulfilled and superseded by Christ.”

What Lane says is so important. It’s that the redemption is no longer available through the rites of the Temple. Full stop. There is no comment about reading Jewish literature, watching Seinfeld, hearing shofar sounds or about eating kosher foods. That’s not the point of the author. The misread, however, has caused great horror coming on my Jewish people. 

Dear friends, the point today is to help you see that our Great High Priest loves us and wants to bring us into relationship with the Almighty. He alone can do it; He alone HAS done it. He established a new covenant, not like the one with Moses at Sinai. This one is better, because it didn’t depend on us to fulfil it. He has done it for us. Our job is to receive his love and grace.

If you’ve never received Yeshua as your Lord and Saviour, I invite you to do so now. Right where you are. Receive him who gave his life for you. Say a prayer of thanks. Say a prayer like “I need you, Lord Yeshua” … he loves to give to you of his life. 

If you want to write me with a question, I’m happy to try to answer. Just write me at the address on the screen, it’s bob@jewsforjesus.org.auand I’ll give it a go.

Until next week, when we will meet again to share about chapter 9 and more about our better High Priest who dominates and allows us entry into the Better Tabernacle, that is, heaven itself. Until then, l’shana tovah um’tookah and

 Shabbat shalom.

 

 

Actual text:

Heb. 8:1   Now the main point in what has been said is this: we have such a high priest, who has taken His seat at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens, 2 a minister in the sanctuary and in the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, not man. 3 For every high priest is appointed to offer both gifts and sacrifices; so it is necessary that thishigh priest also have something to offer. 4 Now if He were on earth, He would not be a priest at all, since there are those who offer the gifts according to the Law; 5 who serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things, just as Moses was warned by God when he was about to erect the tabernacle; for, “SEE,” He says, “THAT YOU MAKE all things ACCORDING TO THE PATTERN WHICH WAS SHOWN YOU ON THE MOUNTAIN.” 6 But now He has obtained a more excellent ministry, by as much as He is also the mediator of a better covenant, which has been enacted on better promises. 7 For if that first covenant had been faultless, there would have been no occasion sought for a second. 

8 For finding fault with them, He says, 

       “BEHOLD, DAYS ARE COMING, SAYS THE LORD, WHEN I WILL EFFECT A NEW COVENANT WITH THE HOUSE OF ISRAEL AND WITH THE HOUSE OF JUDAH; 9 NOT LIKE THE COVENANT WHICH I MADE WITH THEIR FATHERS ON THE DAY WHEN I TOOK THEM BY THE HAND TO LEAD THEM OUT OF THE LAND OF EGYPT; FOR THEY DID NOT CONTINUE IN MY COVENANT, AND I DID NOT CARE FOR THEM, SAYS THE LORD. 10 “FOR THIS IS THE COVENANT THAT I WILL MAKE WITH THE HOUSE OF ISRAEL AFTER THOSE DAYS, SAYS THE LORD: I WILL PUT MY LAWS INTO THEIR MINDS, AND I WILL WRITE THEM ON THEIR HEARTS. AND I WILL BE THEIR GOD, AND THEY SHALL BE MY PEOPLE. 11 “AND THEY SHALL NOT TEACH EVERYONE HIS FELLOW CITIZEN, AND EVERYONE HIS BROTHER, SAYING, ‘KNOW THE LORD,’ FOR ALL WILL KNOW ME, FROM THE LEAST TO THE GREATEST OF THEM. 12 FOR I WILL BE MERCIFUL TO THEIR INIQUITIES, AND I WILL REMEMBER THEIR SINS NO MORE.” 

13 When He said, “A new covenant,” He has made the first obsolete. But whatever is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to disappear.

 

Bibliography

 

Jacob, Alex, The case for Enlargement Theology, Glory to Glory, Walden, UK, 2010.

Ladd, George E., A Theology of the New Testament, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1974. (Pages 571 – 587)

Lane, William L, Word Biblical Commentary Series, Hebrews.

Vine, W.E., An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words,Revell, Old Tappan, NJ, 1966.

Weirsbe, Warren. Be Confident. David C. Cook Publishing, Colorado Springs,1982.

-------------------

D-Groups for this week

1)           Tuesday 11 am Sydney time. Led by James Howse

2)           Monday 10 am Sydney time, led by Rebekah Bronn

3)           Thursday 7 pm, Sydney time, led by James White

(Contact our office for zoom details)

 

If you’d like to host a D-Group either online or in person, please contact bob@jewsforjesus.org.au for further details.

11 September 2020

The Great High Priest: Hebrews chapter 7

 “Listen up: this is better” -- A study on the Bible book of Hebrews

A 13-week series given in 2020

By Bob Mendelsohn

Given 11 September 2020

bob@jewsforjesus.org.au

To watch this on video:  https://youtu.be/yQ10RjBNNqs   

 

Lesson Seven: A better priesthood

Shalom to each of you here on the Zoom call and those who will watch this class lecture on YouTube later. I hope you will feel welcome and when this section ends in about 20 minutes, that you will be a participant in the rest of the questions and discussion time. This letter to messianic Jews was written before the destruction of the Temple in AD 70.  Today we study chapter 7, and if you haven’t yet read it, please, those of you on YouTube, pause the playback, read the chapter, and then press play again to re-join us. Thanks.

Today we will look at a man from the Older Testament who is only mentioned in two passages, and at that, barely mentioned. Yet the author mentions him at length here in the question of the priesthood, in fact, calling Yeshua, the Great High Priest. How is he a priest at all? And what is his point of that priesthood anyway? I suppose the argument is posed in certain circles that Aaron is a top guy and his priesthood was ordained by God, thus when the author says something about “The great high priest” (4.14) and the person is not in the line of Aaron, there is a real problem. That’s what chapter seven is about.

First, who is this guy? Or as one pastor I know introduced me when I preached about this man in his parish earlier this year said, “Bob will be speaking on the subject, ‘Who the heck is Melchizedek?’”

Here’s our outline today:

A.    Who is Melchizedek? (.1-.3)

B.    Which is the better priesthood? (.4-10)

C.     Who is coming in the order of Melchizedek?  (.11-17)

D.    The work of the One in the order of Melchizedek (.18-28)

 

1.              Who is Melchizedek? (.1-.3)

a. Biblical backdrop (Genesis 14, Psalm 110)

The Bible introduces him in Genesis chapter 14 and mentions him again in Psalm 110. Only the psalm is mentioned in chapter 7 of Hebrews. 

But let’s see the Genesis passage and then sort out the description in Hebrews.

What do we learn here? Abram was a victorious warrior and was a grateful man. He wanted to say thank you to the Lord for God’s kindness in helping him militarily win over the enemies, and he brought an offering to the Lord by giving to a priest in a village called Salem. Maybe it would be called the city of Salem. The Bible says Abram gave 10%, what’s called a ‘tithe’ notably of the spoil he gained in the battles.

That’s the story. Oh, except for one other thing. There was a blessing that was given that day. Melchizedek blessed Abram. His verbal blessing was “Blessed be Abram of God Most High, Possessor of heaven and earth” (.19) It wasn’t so much a blessing of Abram, but a blessing of God, which by the way, is often how we would talk about prayer in Jewish circles.

OK, that’s the historical backdrop, and then the psalm just mentions the man.

From the psalm we learn a few more things. Melchizedek had an order, that is, a following of people who were like him. And he receives something long-lasting and it’s from the Lord. 

Now back to our text in Hebrews chapter 7.

b.     Nine Facts, verses 1-3:

Melchizedek was 

1) the king of Salem

2) priest of the  Most High God

3) met Abraham as he was returning from the slaughter of the kings and 

4) blessed him, 

5) 2 to whom also Abraham apportioned a tenth part of all the spoils, was first of all, by the translationof his name,

6) king of righteousness, and then also king of Salem, which is 

7) king of peace. 

8) 3 Without father, without mother, without genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, but made like the Son of God, he 

9) remains a priest perpetually.

That’s 9 facts. In quick measure we learn a lot about him. A non-Jewish priest who worked for the Lord of heaven and earth, and Abram put his trust in Melchizedek to be the point man for Abram’s offering. 

Back to the list. 1) King of Salem means king of the city of Salem, which is in Hebrew the Ir, Shalom, or Irushalayim, or Jerusalem. 2) priest of God most high. You don’t have to be Jewish to be an instrument of God, a powerful testimony to the messianic Jews to whom this letter is written. 3) Available to the people of God. And to God. That’s what a priest is and does. He’s a mediator. 4) Blessed Abram. Don’t miss this. This is one of the major points the author will make in this argument. 5) Abram paid Melchizedek an offering. Religion does cost and priests are worthy of their pay package. 6) The translation of his name is Melech Tsadek (King of Righteousness). His parents were good about this. Righteousness, that is, right standing with God, is in his hands and in his loins. 7) Salem (shalom) means Peace. He’s the mayor, the governor, the landlord of peace. That’s his nature.  8) He didn’t have genealogy. There are some who allege that Melchizedek is Yeshua, but this #8 makes this impossible. We know Yeshua’s parentage, for hundreds of years. What the author is saying is that Melchizedek simply pops up on our historical stage in Genesis 14 without introduction. The point of his being introduced there is to perform a couple of tasks. His yichus is not of interest nor the point of the story. The point is to bless and receive an offering. And 9) he is still a priest forever, or perpetually. How is that? Through his order, that is, through those who come after him in his place. Melchizedek is not living, but his disciples are.

So all that is to answer the question: “Who is Melchizedek?”

2.             Which one is the better priesthood? (4-10)

The author then wants us to compare and contrast the priesthoods which come from two folks. One, people who descended from Levi, the third son of Jacob and the direct ancestor of every Levitical priest recorded in Scripture in contrast to this Melchizedek. That should be pretty easy, right? After all, yichus matters, and every Cohen at that time would have been able to cite his ancestry without a DNA test and without Ancestry.com. I’m from Levi and thus almost a trump card in the conversation. Remember there were loads of laws and privileges for Levites and their subset of the priests. For instance, almost all the offerings and sacrifices were for the priests to eat but when the Temple didn’t (and now, doesn’t) stand, there are no sacrifices. The priests certainly had an honored station in the history of the 1st Century Jewish world. 

But now the author says there is someone better. And the way it’s demonstrated is very clever. It has to do with the blessing and the tithe. 

a.     The Blessing

From our nine facts list above, the author says “But without any dispute the lesser is blessed by the greater.” (verse 7)

When Melchizedek blessed Abram, we learn that Abram is therefore less. OK. Point one for the Melchizedek team. 

b.     Then the tithe. 

In this case mortal men receive tithes, but in that case one receives them, of whom it is witnessed that he lives on.”

Because of the perpetuity of Melchizedek in contrast to the mortality of Abram, the tithing episode shows the betterness of Melchizedek. 

Now look at the cleverness of the author. It’s not Abram but the one who is in the loins of Abram, (.10) that is, Levi, who is in view. So when I say Abram I mean Levi. Thus Melchizedek is better than Levi and thus better than every priest, and certainly the high priest on your team today. 

One more mention is the word ‘patriarch’ (verse 4) which is a transliteration of the word in Greek. Appealing to Abraham as the founder of the religion, or as the prime driver, could be taken to mean, ‘Hey guys, if Abe did this then you down the family line ought to do so as well.’ 

3.     Who is coming in the order of Melchizedek?  (.11-17)

 

One is coming who is superior to Aaron and Levi. Why? Perfection was missing! (.11) So someone had to come from another lineage, the line of Melchizedek. 

Verse 11 says that since we were incomplete (we’ll see that term again), we needed another priesthood, and that’s the one hinted at in Psalm 110. By the way Yeshua quoted Psalm 110 in his answer to the religionists of his day challenging him (Matthew 22). Yeshua asked the Pharisees that day whose son the Messiah would be. They replied “the son of David.” That’s still taught in Jewish circles to this day. Yeshua asked them about Psalm 110. How then does David in the Spirit call him ‘Lord’ if the messiah is David’s son? This ended the conversation, as you can imagine. 

Here the author again brings up Psalm 110, and this time makes sure we know that Yeshua fits the bill. He was from the tribe of Judah and thus disqualified from Aaronic priesthood, but he’s from another order. He’s from Melchizedek!

And one more point the author makes. He’s perpetual, or rather ‘eternal.’ Whereas the priesthood of Aaron was temporary, they worked in rosters, and came and retired (Numbers 8.23-25). Later they died. But this one will not. 

We have a better high priest who makes us complete, who is the Lord of David, and though from Judah is of the order of Melchizedek which makes him to last forever.

 

4.     The work of the One in the order of Melchizedek (.18-28)

In verse 18, this new order brings us new and better hope. It’s all based on the betterness of Melchizedek. And the better covenant (.22) that Yeshua brought us. We have a better order, a better priest, a better hope. A better contract… it’s all better!

What else did/ does he perform? He saves to the uttermost. He allows us to draw near. (.19, .25) He was innocent, without sin, and thus needed no offering to repair himself. (.27), and he did this by dying on the cross. That was the once-for-all moment in time (never to be repeated) and once-for-all meaning for every person on the planet. 

Finally in verse 25 he lives to make intercession for you. Close your eyes for a moment and ponder that. The Lord of the universe, David’s Lord. The powerful King of all not only notices you, but ever lives to make intercession for you, that is, he runs between you and judgment to secure grace. Rest in that. 

1.     What will you do with this man?

What else do you need to know? The author is making this crystal clear for each of us. We have a messiah, a Saviour who died for us, and made a once-for-all sacrifice of himself. His offering was successful and repairs all who trust in him to live forever. 

God wants you to know him. He wants to know you. He wants a relationship with you, not a rule-book religion of do’s and don’ts. He loves you and sent Yeshua to repair what was broken. A week from tonight is Rosh Hashanah and if you are religious, you have spent the last 23 days hearing the sound of the shofar and Saturday night you will begin praying Selichot prayers. This is the time to repent. This is the time to make right with God.

Dear friends, we have a great high priest who is better than any kohen gadol you have ever heard chant the b’rachot. He’s not a temporary guide or assistant. He’s the eternal Son of God who offered himself on your behalf. And he ever lives to make intercession for you. He loves to pray for you. He is our mediator who wants us to be in God’s presence. Don’t delay. Don’t wait until Erev Rosh Hashanah to meet the King. He’s here, just now. Cry out to him and beg his mercy. Ask Yeshua to be your Saviour and Lord. He will be the answer to your heart’s deepest cry.

If you want to write me with a question, I’m happy to try to answer. Just write me at bob@jewsforjesus.org.au and I’ll give it a go.

Until next week, when we will meet again to share about chapter 8 and more about our better High Priest fulfilling Jeremiah’s prophecy of the New Covenant, that is, the better covenant. Until then,   

 Shabbat shalom.

 

 

Actual text:

 Heb. 7:1   For this Melchizedek, king of Salem, priest of the Most High God, who met Abraham as he was returning from the slaughter of the kings and blessed him, 2 to whom also Abraham apportioned a tenth part of all the spoils, was first of all, by the translation of his name, king of righteousness, and then also king of Salem, which is king of peace. 3 Without father, without mother, without genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, but made like the Son of God, he remains a priest perpetually.

 

Heb. 7:4   Now observe how great this man was to whom Abraham, the patriarch, gave a tenth of the choicest spoils. 5 And those indeed of the sons of Levi who receive the priest’s office have commandment in the Law to collect a tenth from the people, that is, from their brethren, although these are descended from Abraham. 6 But the one whose genealogy is not traced from them collected a tenth from Abraham and blessed the one who had the promises. 7 But without any dispute the lesser is blessed by the greater. 8 In this case mortal men receive tithes, but in that case one receives them, of whom it is witnessed that he lives on. 9 And, so to speak, through Abraham even Levi, who received tithes, paid tithes, 10 for he was still in the loins of his father when Melchizedek met him.

 

Heb. 7:11 Now if perfection was through the Levitical priesthood (for on the basis of it the people received the Law), what further need was there for another priest to arise according to the order of Melchizedek, and not be designated according to the order of Aaron? 12 For when the priesthood is changed, of necessity there takes place a change of law also. 13 For the one concerning whom these things are spoken belongs to another tribe, from which no one has officiated at the altar. 14 For it is evident that our Lord was descended from Judah, a tribe with reference to which Moses spoke nothing concerning priests. 15 And this is clearer still, if another priest arises according to the likeness of Melchizedek, 16 who has become such not on the basis of a law of physical requirement, but according to the power of an indestructible life. 17For it is attested of Him, 

            “YOU ARE A PRIEST FOREVER 

            ACCORDING TO THE ORDER OF MELCHIZEDEK.”

18 For, on the one hand, there is a setting aside of a former commandment because of its weakness and uselessness 19 (for the Law made nothing perfect), and on the other hand there is a bringing in of a better hope, through which we draw near to God. 20 And inasmuch as it was not without an oath 21(for they indeed became priests without an oath, but He with an oath through the One who said to Him, 

            “THE LORD HAS SWORN 

            AND WILL NOT CHANGE HIS MIND, 

            ‘YOU ARE A PRIEST FOREVER’”);

22 so much the more also Jesus has become the guarantee of a better covenant.

 

Heb. 7:23   The former priests, on the one hand, existed in greater numbers because they were prevented by death from continuing, 24 but Jesus, on the other hand, because He continues forever, holds His priesthood permanently. 25 Therefore He is able also to save forever those who draw near to God through Him, since He always lives to make intercession for them.

 

Heb. 7:26   For it was fitting for us to have such a high priest, holy, innocent, undefiled, separated from sinners and exalted above the heavens; 27 who does not need daily, like those high priests, to offer up sacrifices, first for His own sins and then for the sins of the people, because this He did once for all when He offered up Himself. 28 For the Law appoints men as high priests who are weak, but the word of the oath, which came after the Law, appoints a Son, made perfect forever.

 

Psa. 110:0   A Psalm of David. Psa. 110:1   The LORD says to my Lord: “Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.” 2  The LORD will stretch forth Your strong scepter from Zion, saying,  “Rule in the midst of Your enemies.” 3  Your people will volunteer freely in the day of Your power;  In holy array, from the womb of the dawn, Your youth are to You as the dew.

 

Psa. 110:4   The LORD has sworn and will not change His mind, “You are a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek.” 5 The Lord is at Your right hand; He will shatter kings in the day of His wrath. 6 He will judge among the nations, He will fill them with corpses, He will shatter the chief men over a broad country. 7He will drink from the brook by the wayside; therefore He will lift up His head.”

 

Matt. 22:41   Now while the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them a question: 42 “What do you think about the Christ, whose son is He?” They said to Him, “The son of David.” 43 He said to them, “Then how does David in the Spirit call Him ‘Lord,’ saying,

44  ‘THE LORD SAID TO MY LORD, “SIT AT MY RIGHT HAND, UNTIL I PUT YOUR ENEMIES BENEATH YOUR FEET”’? 45 “If David then calls Him ‘Lord,’ how is He his son?” 46 No one was able to answer Him a word, nor did anyone dare from that day on to ask Him another question.” (.41-45)

Gen. 14:17   Then after Abram’s return from the defeat of Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, the king of Sodom went out to meet Abram at the valley of Shaveh (that is, the King’s Valley). 18 And Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine; now he was a priest of God Most High. 19 He blessed him and said, “Blessed be Abram of God Most High, Possessor of heaven and earth; 20 And blessed be God Most High, who has delivered your enemies into your hand.”  Abram gave Melchizedek a tenth of all.

21 The king of Sodom said to Abram, “Give the people to me and take the goods for yourself.” 22 Abram said to the king of Sodom, “I have sworn to the LORD God Most High, possessor of heaven and earth, 23 that I will not take a thread or a sandal thong or anything that is yours, for fear you would say, ‘I have made Abram rich.’ 24 “I will take nothing except what the young men have eaten, and the share of the men who went with me, Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre; let them take their share.” (Gen 14.17-24)

 

 

Bibliography

 

Ladd, George E., A Theology of the New Testament, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1974. (Pages 571 – 587)

Lane, William L, Word Biblical Commentary Series, Hebrews.

Vine, W.E., An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, Revell, Old Tappan, NJ, 1966.

Weirsbe, Warren. Be Confident. David C. Cook Publishing, Colorado Springs,1982.

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